Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and the Risk for Uterine Cancers

نویسندگان

  • Susanna Jaakkola
  • Olavi Ylikorkala
چکیده

.................................................................................................................... 8 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 10 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ................................................................................ 11 Uterus ............................................................................................................. 11 Endocrine aspects of carcinogenesis ............................................... 12 Endometrial cancer ....................................................................................... 13 Incidence .......................................................................................... 14 Diagnosis .......................................................................................... 15 Risk factors ....................................................................................... 15 Uterine sarcoma ............................................................................................. 16 Incidence .......................................................................................... 17 Diagnosis .......................................................................................... 18 Risk factors ....................................................................................... 18 Cervical cancer .............................................................................................. 19 Screening and diagnosis ................................................................... 19 Incidence .......................................................................................... 21 Risk factors ....................................................................................... 22 Postmenopausal hormone therapies ............................................................ 24 Estrogen-only ................................................................................... 24 Estrogen-progestagen therapy ......................................................... 25 Tibolone ............................................................................................ 26 Route of administration .................................................................... 26 Other modalities ............................................................................... 26 Effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy ................................... 27

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تاریخ انتشار 2012